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Rules to draw ray diagrams & sign convention rules for spherical mirrors

RULES TO DRAW RAY DIAGRAMS FOR SPHERICAL MIRRORS Rule 1: The ray passing parallel to principal axis, after reflection passes through focus (or appears to be coming from focus in case of convex mirror) Rule 2: The ray passing through Focus (or appears to be passing through focus in case of convex mirror), after reflection becomes parallel to principal axis. Rule 3: The ray passing through principal axis comes back in the same path after reflection. ...

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY AND HEAT CAPACITY

Specific heat capacity Specific heat capacity can be defined as it is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance through one degree Centigrade. Different bodies have different values of their specific heat depending upon their nature. Some of the examples are given below How we can derive formula for specific heat? Based on a simple activity we can derive a formula for specific heat. Take two beakers and name them as A and B. Fill the two beakers with some water. Let us assume that the mass of water in both the beakers be 1 kg. And the water present in both the beakers is at room temperature. Let us assume that we have to raise the temperature of water in beaker A to 50 0 centigrade. And we have to raise the water in beaker B to 70 0 Centigrade for a given constant time. In order to do so definitely we have to supply more heat ene...

prism and refractive index of prism

PRISM: A prism is a transparent medium separated from the surrounding medium by at least two plane surfaces which are inclined at a certain angle in such a way that, light incident on one of the plane surfaces emerges from the other plane surface. Consider a triangular glass prism. It contains two triangular bases and three rectangular plane lateral surfaces. These lateral surfaces are inclined to each other. Let us consider that triangle PQR represents outline of the prism where it rests on its triangular base. Let us assume that a light ray is incident on the plane surface PQ of a prism at M as shown in figure. Draw a perpendicular to the surface at M. It becomes a normal to that surface. The angle between the incident ray and normal is called angle of incidence (i 1 ). The ray is refracted at M. It moves through prism and meets the other plane surface at N and finally comes out of the prism. The ray which comes out of the surfa...

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